====== C++ ======

===== Types =====
==== char ====

  * char for declaring 8 bits.
  * Typically used for a single character
Following are legal
<code cpp>
char c1;
char c2 = 'A';
char c3 = 65
char str1[];
char str2[] = {'h', 'i'};
char str3[3];
char str4[3] = {'h', 'i'};
char str5[3] = {'h', 'i', '\0'}; 
</code>

If want to clear a character then
  c1 = 0;
If want to clear a character array then
  str1[0] = 0;

==== bool ====

  bool boolSomeBoolean;

Can be initialized with...

  bool boolSomeBoolean1 = false;
  bool boolSomeBoolean2 = 1;

===== Functions =====
==== Changing type formats ====

<code cpp>
char c = 'A';
Serial.print((byte)c); //prints 41

Serial.print(c, HEX); //prints 41
Serial.print(c, BIN); //prints 01000001
Serial.print(c, DEC); //prints 65
</code>

==== Strings ====

<code cpp>
Serial.print("Hi"); //Hi
Serial.println("Hi); //Hi then new line
Serial.print("Hi\n"); //Hi then new line. No space needed between text and \n
</code>
===== Structure =====
==== if ... else ====
<code cpp>
if (condition) {statement;}
if else (condition) {statement;}
else {statement;}
</code>

A shorthand is available for simple if...else statements
<code cpp>
variable = (condition) ? trueStatement : falseStatement;
</code>

E.g.
<code cpp>
variable = ( today == birthday ) ? "Happy Birthday" : "Good day!";
</code>
==== for ====
<code cpp>
for(int i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
statement;
}
</code>
==== Boolean Operators ====

  && // logical AND
  || // logical OR
  ! // logical NOT
  
==== Compound Operators ====

  ^= // compound bitwise XOR
  += // compound addition
  -= // compound substraction
====== C++ for Arduino ======

===== SoftwareSerial =====

To use a Digital Pin as either Rx or Tx, other than the hardware designated Rx and Tx pins (pin 0 and pin 1), then shall use SoftwareSerial.

To do so to
<code cpp>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerial mySerial(2,3); // Rx, Tx

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  mySerial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  while( mySerial.available() ) {
    int i = mySerial.read();
    mySerial.write(i);
    Serial.print("Some text");
  }
}
</code>